11.  INTERNET CITATIONS

     It is acceptable to cite to internet sources in any of the following three situations: (i) the internet source is the authenticated, official, or exact copy of a source that either is currently available in print format or has been replaced by the internet source as the official resource of the state or federal government or entity; (ii) the internet source has print characteristics; or (iii) the original location of the source is electronic.

     Citations for internet sources vary widely depending on the type of internet source and the information available from the internet source.  When the internet source has print characteristics, it should be cited in full compliance with the applicable rule in the Florida Style Manual. An internet source has print characteristics when it is divided into pages with permanent page numbers. Common examples of internet sources with print characteristics are PDF copies of law review articles, magazine articles, and e-Books. It is not necessary to provide a link to an online source with print characteristics unless, under the circumstances, a parallel citation to the online source would substantially improve access to the source cited.  

     When available, provide author information in ordinary type, unless the only author information available is that of an institutional author. Institutional author information should be provided in large and small caps. When both author and institutional author information is available, provide both.  

     Archival

     In order to help prevent link rot, archiving of internet sources is highly encouraged when a reliable archival tool is available. Harvard, for example, provides an internet archival tool available at perma.cc. The permanent link should be provided in brackets after the link to the website.

     When an archival tool is not available or practicable, the use of either a “date and time parenthetical” or a “last visited” parenthetical is required. 

     The basic form is:

►   [author], [institutional author], [title of page], (date & time) [Host Site], [appended URL] [permanent archive link or last visited parenthetical].

Legal Documents:

►    Katherine Wright, FSU basketball shakes off slow start, earns win over Troy, Sun-Sentinel, https://www.sun-sentinel.com/sports/
florida-state-seminoles/os-sp-fsu-troy-20181204-story.html [https://
perma.cc/UP45-3MKP].

Scholarly Works:

►    Katherine Wright, FSU basketball shakes off slow start, earns win over Troy, Sun-Sentinel, https://www.sun-sentinel.com/sports/
florida-state-seminoles/os-sp-fsu-troy-20181204-story.html [https://
perma.cc/UP45-3MKP].

     For further examples and instructions on how to cite internet sources, see BluebookRule 18.